Put Your Best Running Feet Forward

Ever looked at a beat pair of shoes and thought, “Huh, I wonder how those got so warped on the side?” That’s what happens if your feet collapse inward when you walk or run, called overpronation, or if your weight falls on the outer edge of your feet, known as underpronation or supination.

Neither of these tendencies are wrong, per se, but they are worth being aware of as you ramp up your runs. Here’s why.

Not surprising, but running on collapsed arches doesn’t set your body up for stellar form. For starters, you won’t be able to lift your foot as quickly from the ground, which means more ground-contact time and more force shooting up your leg. “Often, if someone is overpronating, we see a collapse of the entire chain of the body, which can include their knee bending inward paired with a dropped hip on the opposite side,” says VanDamme.

On top of that, if your foot is collapsing inward, your femur and tibia are internally rotating more too, says Welch. The instability that creates in the bones of your big toe can lead to plantar fasciitis, IT band friction, piriformis syndrome, knee pain or shin splints, he says — all potentially sidelining injuries you want to avoid, just guessing.

The opposite won’t do your body much good either. When your foot underpronates, or supinates, the joints of your foot don’t move to absorb shock, and the majority of your weight falls on the outer edge of the foot. This can cause your legs to bow outward, says VanDamme. “Landing in this position makes everything more rigid.” Your joints don’t absorb the pounding of running as well, which can lead to the bones absorbing more of the shock and contribute to stress fractures, a more serious, longer-lasting injury, explains VanDamme.

Lee Welch
Doctor of Physical Therapy

If you’re feeling aches or pains, see a physical therapist to get an actual gait analysis on a treadmill. If you’re feeling good but would love a second opinion, you could go to a running store. (Associates there often do gait analysis, but they probably don’t have medical backgrounds, so take their feedback with a grain of salt.) Or you could self-diagnose by looking at your most loved running shoes. Do you see excessive wear on the inside edge of the soles, either at the forefoot, the heel or both? This could be a sign of overpronation. Is the sole threadbare on the outside edge? That may be from underpronation.

Still unsure? Place your shoes on a flat surface: an inward tilt indicates overpronation; an outward tilt, underpronation.

All right, let’s start with what not to do: Don’t overhaul your natural gait just to avoid your pronating tendencies. While it’s good to be mindful of your form, at some point, how you run is how you run, and focusing too much on changing it can derail your runs, says Nike senior director of global running Chris Bennett, aka Coach Bennett.

Instead, look to your shoes. They can make a difference in your running mechanics and injury risk without you having to change your gait. If you tend to overpronate (the more common issue), consider a stability shoe, says Welch. They have a firmer midsole on the arch side of the foot and offer more support so your foot is less likely to tilt dramatically. For underpronators, shoes that provide more cushioning and shock absorption can lessen the chance of stress-related injuries. As long as your shoes feel comfortable, though, you have a better shot at lowering your risk of getting hurt, according to a review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Beyond your shoes (which, BTW, won’t fix your pronation issues), strengthening the muscles in your feet (try big-toe raises) and working on foot and ankle mobility (start foam-rolling your calves) can at least temper the problem, says Welch.

Ideally, you’ll become a more neutral runner over time. But if you don’t — and you don’t get injured on repeat — no worries. Keep calm and carry on — mindfully.